New Research: Probiotics as Immuno-Biotics Against Viral & Fungal Infections
Dear Friend,
In this recent research, Mizuno et al. (2020) demonstrate how L. plantarum modulates the immune system and the intestinal antiviral innate immunity.
Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecalis and their related products (e.g., Supernatant and ORNs) have long been studied for their immune boosting abilities and inhibition of viral and fungal infectious organisms (Arena et al., 2018; Gong et al., 2017). How do they modulate the immune response?
Abstract:
Studies have demonstrated that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is involved in the immunomodulatory properties of some immunobiotic lactobacilli. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether LTA contributes to the capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 in modulating the intestinal innate antiviral immune response. A D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis protein (dltD) knockout CRL1506 strain (L. plantarumΔdltD) was obtained, and its ability to modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3-mediated immune response was evaluated in vitro in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells and in vivo in Balb/c mice. Wild-type (WT) CRL1506 (L. plantarum WT) was used as positive control. The challenge of PIE cells with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) significantly increased interferon (IFN)-β, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expressions. PIE cells pretreated with L. plantarumΔdltD or L. plantarum WT showed higher levels of IFN-β while only L. plantarum WT significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 when compared with poly(I:C)-treated control cells. The oral administration of L. plantarum WT to mice prior the intraperitoneal injection of poly(I:C) significantly increased IFN-β and IL-10 and reduced intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD3+NK1.1+CD8αα+) and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-15) in the intestinal mucosa. Similar to the WT strain, L. plantarumΔdltD-treated mice showed enhanced levels of IFN-β after poly(I:C) challenge. However, treatment of mice with L. plantarumΔdltD was not able to increase IL-10 or reduce CD3+NK1.1+CD8αα+ cells, TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-15 in the intestine. These results indicate that LTA would be a key molecule in the anti-inflammatory effect induced by the CRL1506 strain in the context of TLR3-mediated inflammation. Full-Article.
Sincerely yours,
Seann
References
- Arena, M. P., Capozzi, V., Russo, P., Drider, D., Spano, G., & Fiocco, D. (2018). Immunobiosis and probiosis: antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria with a focus on their antiviral and antifungal properties. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 102(23), 9949-9958. Abstract
- Gong, J., Bai, T., Zhang, L., Qian, W., Song, J., & Hou, X. (2017). Inhibition effect of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecalis and their related products on human colonic smooth muscle in vitro. PloS one, 12(12), e0189257. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.018925
- Mizuno, H., Arce, L., Tomotsune, K., Albarracin, L., Funabashi, R., Vera, D., ... & Villena, J. (2020). Lipoteichoic acid is involved in the ability of the immunobiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 to modulate the intestinal antiviral innate immunity triggered by TLR3 activation. Frontiers in immunology, 11.
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