Recent Review of Probiotics in Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders
The research group of Feng et al. (2023) presented a long, detailed, and excellent review of the intersection between gut and brain health for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
What forms the gut - brain axis? According to Feng at al., the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis, the vagus nerve, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (with the enteric nervous system), as well as the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems - are all part of the gut - brain axis (2023).
Scientists are not focused on finding the relationship between gut - brain axis for children with ASD, as that correlation has been established (Li et al., 2017). The questions focus on what causes the gut dybiosis to begin with (with several hypotheses), how exactly does the gut affect the brain, and most importantly, how to balance the gut's microbiota to help the brain function better.
Gut - Brain Axis is the dual or bidirectional biochemical signaling pathway between the gut and the brain (Dinan and Cryan, 2015). The brain is influenced and affected by the gut's microbiota, in specific, certain populations affect the health of the gut which in turns affect the health of the brain (Lie et al., 2017; ; Mayer, 2011).
Gut dysbiosis of children with ASD have unstable bacterial populations, certain foundational species are missing while others that cause health issues flourish (Carissimi et al., 2019). This means that utilizing probiotics to modulate the gut is essential for the health of the gut - brain axis.
And of course, which probiotics and how do they affect the gut and therefore the brain?
As we have taught for many years, the research keeps pointing at very foundational and important probiotic organisms to populate the gut. For example: Lactobacillus strains have shown for years their great beneficial work for the gut and brain of ASD patients (Sunand et al., 2020).
But that is just the beginning.
Feng et al. (2023) outlines and reviews many different individual probiotics - and indeed, the Article is worthy for this specific reason.
Enjoy!
Yours as always,
Dohrea
References
- Feng, P., Zhao, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, E. (2023). A review of probiotics in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders: Perspectives from the gut–brain axis. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1123462. Article
- Carissimi, C., Laudadio, I., Palone, F., Fulci, V., Cesi, V., Cardona, F., ... & Stronati, L. (2019). Functional analysis of gut microbiota and immunoinflammation in children with autism spectrum disorders. Digestive and Liver Disease, 51(10), 1366-1374.
- Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015). The impact of gut microbiota on brain and behaviour: implications for psychiatry. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 18(6), 552-558.
- Li, Q., Han, Y., Dy, A. B. C., and Hagerman, R. J. (2017). The gut microbiota and autism spectrum disorders. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 11:120. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00120
- Mayer, E. A. (2011). Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut–brain communication. Nature reviews neuroscience, 12(8), 453-466.
- Shaaban, S. Y., El Gendy, Y. G., Mehanna, N. S., El-Senousy, W. M., El-Feki, H. S., Saad, K., & El-Asheer, O. M. (2018). The role of probiotics in children with autism spectrum disorder: A prospective, open-label study. Nutritional neuroscience, 21(9), 676-681.
- Sunand, K., Mohan, G. K., & Bakshi, V. (2020). Supplementation of lactobacillus probiotic strains supports gut-brain-axis and defends autistic deficits occurred by valproic acid-induced prenatal model of autism. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(6s).
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